
“I will always be guilty,” he said matter of factly. “Nothing changes that.”
I have forgotten the exact question I had asked him. Maybe I had asked if he felt God had forgiven him or if he could accept that he had been forgiven, or something that, even then, felt silly the moment I heard the sound of my voice. Alistair Little was not a man who couched or minced his words, nor did he let euphemisms do the heavy lifting when talking about his past. Little’s story can be read in online articles, his book, “Give a Boy a Gun,” and seen in a film starring Liam Neeson (as Little) and James Nesbit, called Five Minutes of Heaven. When he was a 17 year old UVF member, the man having lunch next to me at this peace center in Northern Ireland had shot a catholic man dead in his home. The victim’s younger brother, who had been playing in the street, saw it all through the window. It was a terrible trauma and eventually dissolved that whole family. Little served twelve years of a life sentence as a political prisoner, and since his release, has been doing the work of reconciliation among victims, survivors, and perpetrators of political conflict in Ireland and abroad. Our paths converged when I had the privilege to take his and Wilhelm Verwoerd’s workshop as part of my M.Phil. in Conflict Resolution & Reconciliation.
This memory resurfaced as I have recently had reasons to have a good hard think on the word forgiveness and how often it is used in a number of different ways that, in my view, undermine its real meaning. More often than not, it is this misunderstanding of what forgiveness is and isn’t that actually gets in the way of healthy boundary setting and real, wholehearted reconciliation. Living amongst a flawed human race myself, I cannot escape the need to forgive and, truth be told, be forgiven. So, it serves me well to take stock if I am dealing in the genuine article, or if I have been duped by one of these counterfit versions of forgiveness. Little’s transformative journey from committing a heinous crime to being a force of nature for reconciliation could not have happened without forgiveness, even if he may not even use that word, and the memory of my encounter with him comes up just in time for his story to serve as a good ‘authentication tool’ against which to compare these pseudo versions of forgiveness.
Pseudo Forgiveness
These substitute usages of forgiveness apply to both the forgiveness we are offering as well as the forgiveness we ask/demand of others. Here is a short list: Forgiveness as a…
Get Out of Jail Free Card: Of course this is probably the most common and the most obvious miss-use of the concept. Probably since Constantine, humans small and tall, from our very own children all the way up to mega-church pastors, have effectively been pulling out the forgiveness card when caught in both minor and severe transgressions. The person who is quick to invoke this core Christian duty usually has had too little time to actually have even begun a truly transformative paradigm shift. Being more concerned with the likely consequences of their actions, a plea for forgiveness can be a pragmatic tool to bargain a person’s way out of any social, financial, or physical pain which may be coming their way. Forgiveness becomes a magic eraser which disappears any logical, natural, and causal lines connecting behavior with negative outcomes. Besides doing absolutely less than nothing to move the relationship needle toward genuine reconciliation, this Get-out-of-jail-free-forgiveness, if granted, robs the user of one of life’s most valuable learning and character development tools: the pain of consequences. Any wisdom any of us have has not come purely from theory and book learning. We have gained it the hard way, through trial and error, through experience, through the hard knocks of bad choices. Taking those knocks away from someone obstructs the growth of wisdom, character, and maturity and is likely to breed entitlement instead.
A Muzzle:. “Why can’t you just forgive and forget. Why can’t you just let it go?!” When we say this to someone who is calling us out and asking us to do better, we are leveraging forgiveness as a mouth gag to anyone who would want to hold us accountable for our actions. It implies that bringing it up at all is already a failure to forgive. When we say this to someone, what we are really saying is that we want them to privately do all the work to reconcile our differences. We don’t want to know anything about it. Behind this is the need to remain flawless in our own eyes, so if someone has a beef with us, it can only mean that they are unforgiving (if you are a christian) or intolerant (if you are a liberal). But beyond that, both the core teaching of forgiveness in the Christian tradition and the core value of tolerance in Liberal Humanism are often wielded as extremely effective tools to squelch dissonance and maintain dominance and control in social/political groups.
A Witness Relocation program: For those who procure this kind of forgiveness, it means not only do they get a whole new identity (“You are a new creation in Christ”), but also they receive a whole new back story! Not only are we no longer one who cheats on their wife, commits murder, or skims from the top, but we never were that person! In this way of understanding forgiveness, being forgiven means we get to tear out all of those unflattering pages and snap-shots of our story, put them through the shredder, and just leave the wholesome, flattering, respectable bits in. They are never to be spoken of again. They are the “sins” that shall not be named! In groups practicing this understanding of forgiveness, everyone is a generic sinner, “the worst of sinners” actually, but no one has ever even made a single, concrete, nameable mistake, let alone done anything that would put a speck on their wholesome, respectable, good christian/good liberal image. They all just slipped in through the side door and took a seat in the back pew as if they had been among the saints this whole time.
In the new gender-cult, there is a similar dogma called “dead-naming.” Here it is not only the person transitioning to a new identity who hustles to keep their past identity on the down-low, but the entire community and world around them that must be forgiven for having gotten it wrong to begin with! It is everyone else who must delete every possible trace of a person’s pre-transition selves from our memories, perceptions, and experiences, if we want any crumb of relationship with them going forward. In both cases, the past identity is whitewashed of everything a person finds intolerable about themselves and is unwilling to integrate into a new, shiny, and allegedly more worthy identity.
A Jack-in-the-Box: Being in a relationship with a person practicing this kind of forgiveness seems too good to be true…because it is too good to be true. This person appears to have the capacity to overlook (forgive) (tolerate) all of our shortcomings, annoying habits, Faux pas’, and even more serious transgressions. This person can seem to be the model of tolerance right up until you have to draw a boundary or ask them to do better in some area. Immediately the music stops and, BOING!, out springs this very ugly, unflattering version of you marked and blemished with every-single-thing-you-ever-did-or-didn’t-do that hurt, disappointed, or irritated this person at some point in your relationship with them. My brother calls them, “Whatabouters,” because if you ever bring up something that bothers you about their behavior, they counter with, “Well, what about when you…” (full discloser: my brother and I did this with each other for years while we were growing up together, and I can neither confirm nor deny that my husband and I have done this!). As it turns out, they were not even in a relationship with you this whole time, but with this simulated-monster of you they kept to themselves – and everyone else they would show it to except you. In this way, they would never dare risk loosing your favor by speaking up for themselves, but all the while in their own mind, they maintain a steady sense of patronizing superiority and hold you in private contempt and maybe resentment. … that is, until you break the “contract” and BOING!
The “Free Zone”: In the game Capture the Flag, each team has a designated side where they hang their flag. The goal of the game is to be the first team to capture the opposing team’s flag (which is supposed to be visible and accessible). Only to do so, a player must venture onto the opposing side of the field/landscape where they run the risk of being captured and “imprisoned.” To get free again, another teammate must tag them, thus risking their own freedom. Team members are only safe on their team’s section of the field or in the designated “Free Zone” in-between the two sides. There are always players who hang out in the free zone because they are either afraid of getting caught, if they move into the ‘home territory of the other team, or they are afraid someone might steal their own team flag, if they do not patrol their home border.
Of course the game is only fun if all the players are willing to take risks, and it is not really worth playing at all, if all the players just hang out in the free zone. But this is how many people live relationships. In these groups, Forgiveness or Tolerance is this “free zone.” Here, only safe topics are allowed, the kind that do not cause any tension at all. This, by necessity, excludes most of what truly matters to people: religion, politics, values, struggles, our vision for how things could be. The “flag” of their true identity is safely hidden away on their home turf. If someone behaves in a way that is or seems unacceptable to someone, it is not discussed in the free zone. It is brought behind the line to our home-side of the field and tallied there against the other team without the offenders knowledge. The game is just one very long stalemate, with at least some players hoping that the tally will fall in their favor when the game is “officially” scored at the very end.
This is the cowards version of forgiveness (or the liberal’s Tolerance). It is not based on generosity, but on mitigating loss, competing morality, and image-protection. It is peace without justice, which is no peace at all. In this Free-Zone there is a lack of wholehearted integrity, a lack of growth, and little if any movement toward mutuality, true collaboration, and intimacy. Instead, there is just light entertainment and a polite, superficial, and often unspoken agreement to stay clear of any topic that creates tension or calls into question our own or someone else’s flawless Avatar.
It takes courage to wade deeper onto the other’s ‘home field’ in generous candor to say what we really think and feel about the impact they are having on us and to get to the “flag” of real, authentic relationship with the actual person behind their projected, idealized image. And it takes courage to let others onto our home field, to let them see our scratch-pad where we are still working things out before we deliver a more palatable version of ourselves to the free zone, and to also hear what impact we are having on our community and world.
None of the above scenarios are what I would call true forgiveness or tolerance, and whether we find ourselves on the receiving end or the granting end, they do not do the job that real forgiveness is needed to do. In actuality, all these tactics are just your standard ole Conflict Avoidance masquerading as forgiveness/tolerance. In one way or the other, they are simply another means that we try to avoid one or more of the Big Three nuisances of being human: Responsibility, Limitations, and Discomfort (pain, loss, effort) and the inner conflicts that they create for us while living in a world where everything is so unlike us in all too many ways that matter. For conflict avoiders, it is more often than not the fear of losing favor with others (to not be good in their eyes) which is in the driver’s seat, and so they fall into a pattern of ignoring or masking their own limitations (boundaries, insufficiencies, wants, needs, values, purpose), while also shouldering responsibilities that belong to others and/or dodging taking 100% responsibility for themselves and the impact they have on their community and the world (blaming, excusing). But none of that sounds very nice, so it gets dressed up as forgiveness/tolerance.
I don’t mind telling you that I have lived for far too long in relationships on both sides of this kind of conflict-avoidance-forgiveness-tolerance, and I can report back that it is a cheap knock-off of the original! But buying into these street-vender versions of forgiveness is much worse than buying a fake Birkin bag. When we forgo engaging in the conflict necessary to practice real forgiveness, we miss out on the three most valuable things there are: Our Integrity, our growth, and movement toward mutuality and intimacy with others. So, for me, in any and all of my relationships, doing conflict has become a non-negotiable.
The Real Thing
Alistair Little is, of everyone I have ever met, a No Bullshit guy. I experienced more candor in that one week workshop than I had ever experienced in most of the long relationships I have had, some of them for almost my entire life. And how could he not be? When working with tough-as-nails, Irish ex-combatants who had suffered tremendous loss at each other’s hands, one cannot tip-toe around the bloodshed. Polite & Superficial aren’t going to deliver reconciliation. Alistair may or may not have used the word forgiven to describe himself, but his answer to me that day clearly indicated that he had not been duped by the knock-off version of it. “I will always be guilty.” “Nothing will change that.”
Guilt is just a shorter word for responsibility. It is the responsibility for the past, what we have done and left undone. In other words, he was saying that forgiveness does not absolve him of the responsibility for what he had done. “I will always be guilty.” It is a simple statement of fact without any emotions necessarily tied to it. He murdered a man. That will always be part of his story. An act that has far reaching ramifications into the future.
To acknowledge my guilt means I continue to take responsibility for my past and present self, no matter how unflattering or truly awful it may be, by owning it and transforming it into something meaningful and beautiful for community. That is a job that never ends. And I would say Alistair Little’s life is as good of an example of this as I have ever come across. His acceptance and integration of his past, his ongoing transformational growth, and his offering this wisdom and insight in generous candor for the service of healing the environment that had seeded his own violence are all the evidence I need to know that he is dealing in the genuine article of forgiveness.
How it Works
I think mostly forgiveness is thought of as letting go of negative feelings toward someone (and this someone can also be ourselves) who has harmed or disappointed us in some way – feelings of grief, resentment, irritation, animosity, anger, vengeance, contempt, or dread, for example. But I have wrestled with some of those feelings in some relationships for many years and have thrown everything at them, including the pseudo-forgiveness’s I’ve listed above, only to have these feelings compounded rather than diminish. I have come to suspect that it is a fool’s errand to keep trying to dissipate emotions while ignoring what it is exactly that is causing them. Like trying to relieve the pain of a blister while still wearing the shoes you love but that are simply too small. Those feelings tell us that something is amiss in a relationship, that there is a disconnect that is compromising either our integrity, our flourishing, or our need for meaningful connection – or all of the above. This disconnect will have to be addressed if we ever hope to have those negative feelings dry up or, better still, transformed into empathy and compassion.
In this light, forgiveness is not an act of letting go of our negative feelings toward the other (the painful blister), which I believe is not possible anyway, but an act of letting go of our fantasy about the other as well as the fantasy about ourselves. To let go of the fantasy about the other is to let go of the idealized image that we have of who they should/could be to us or how they should have behaved (a shoe that looks good and fits comfortably!) but fail to live up to. This image can be what they project and want us to believe about themselves (The Wizard of Oz), or what we project onto them (Nate’s Ted Lasso). To let go of the fantasy about ourselves is to let go of the idealized image of ourselves as being more magnanimous than we are (Grandiosity). It means letting go of the idea that by performing forgiveness and tolerance and inclusion for people whose behavior toward us consistently demonstrates their lack of interest in who we actually are, their need to outdo us (in status, achievement, or even morality), and how little we matter to them and factor into their priorities, we can somehow manage to win them into a relationship where we finally feel seen, supported, and included. Ironically, the more magnanimous and inclusive we strive to appear, the smaller our actual selves become, since it is only through self-betrayal (denying our limitations), self-diminishment (staying small), and self-exclusion (staying silent), that we are able to maintain the farce of community.
So, in forgiving someone, and even ourselves, we are letting go of the fantasy of who they (we) ought to be and acknowledging the reality of who they are and what they are actually capable or willing to offer us. We accept not only the limitations, inability, and/or unwillingness of the other to meet our needs, wants, expectations, and boundaries, but also the space (gap) which that inevitably creates between us! It does not fill that space with more effort, skilling up to better defend ourselves or disarm the other, coddling, badgering, pretending, exceeding/ignoring our own limitations (boundaries), a continuous shouldering of the other’s responsibility, or resentment, hellfire, and fury. In other words, forgiveness relinquishes the insistence that the other be something they are not yet, and may never become, while also maintaining the integrity of one’s own identity by not trying to fill, erase, or ignore the space created between those two realities. It is only once we have done this, that we are able to appropriately redefine the relationship in a way that no longer compromises our integrity, limits our growth, nor cheats us out of meaningful connection.
This space which gives us all room to both acknowledge and transform who we really are, some might call the Growth Mindset. I call it a guilt/grace paradigm, and it is the practice of forgiveness which unlocks that space for us and for others. This practice of forgiveness, which acknowledges and allows for the gap between where we actually end and where they actually begin, recognizes and honors both our and the other’s worthiness and dignity to exist as imperfect, not fully matured human beings, it holds each of us responsible for our own limitations as well as our transformational growth, and it invites the other into an authentic, better quality, and mutually satisfying relationship. Forgiveness stands with arms open wide as an invitation to the other to recognize our worth as the reality (boundaries/limitations) we are, share and pursue values that will enable us both to flourish and grow to full maturity, and to move toward mutuality, collaboration, and intimacy with us.
But this is not yet reconciliation.
Forgiveness is only the invitation.
Reconciliation can only happen when that invitation is accepted.
Below I’ve tried to illustrate what this looks like to me:




Forgiveness :
When we are forgiven it…
- Changes the future not the past
- Releases us from retributive punishment & condemnation (contempt) for our choices, not from the consequences of our choices
- Frees us from being limited to our past not from the responsibility for that past
When we forgive we…
- …Open the possibility to create/restore authentic relationship (each as they actually are), not idealized images & shared fantasy
- …Cancel an unpayable debt from the past as an investment in a generative future (either together or apart!!), we do not keep upping the anti on a losing hand!
- …Relinquish the insistence that the other be something they are not yet and may never become, while maintaining the integrity of one’s own identity by not trying to fill, erase, or ignore the space/difference created between those two realities.
- …Keep the path clear and open for the other to grow into a person of wholehearted integrity who respects our boundaries, shares our values & purpose, and wants meaningful connection, instead of canceling for good those who have failed us. (Murdering someone in your heart = dead to me)
- …Have an inner attitude of Standing with arms open wide in generous candor as an invitation to the other to recognize our worth as the reality (boundaries/limitations) we are, to share and pursue values that will enable us both to flourish and grow to full maturity, and to move toward mutuality, collaboration, and intimacy.
Wrap up…
Forgiveness does not erase what we or others have done or left undone (if it did, we wouldn’t have a Bible at all!). It does not pretend that wrong doing never happened or that it does not elicit a strong emotional response in us. And it is not a vow of silence that must be kept to protect someone else’s image and reputation. It is not a Witness-Relocation Program nor a Get-Out-of-Jail-Free Card. Rather, forgiveness is the open window which lets the fresh air and sunlight in, giving us the space and visibility to begin exactly where we are to name the mess for what it is without fear of condemnation and retribution. In this Guilt/Grace paradigm (Growth mindset), I do not have to be forever stuck being the worst version of myself, living under the fear of exposure, shame and pay-back, nor do I need to spend valuable resources keeping my flaws hidden behind a perfect image. Rather, I know my limitations, mistakes, and ugly moments (and those of other’s) can be transformed into something that is generative and connective, when I acknowledge them and integrate them into the story of who I am, do what I can to regain trust wherever it has been broken, and invest my energies into creating a more just and beautiful world.
